18施工放样
摘要:Unit18ConstructionLayout(施工放样)Engineeringsurveysareconductedtoobtaindataessentialforplanning,estimating,locating,andlayoutforthevariousphasesofconstructionactivitiesorprojects.(工程测量是在施工活动或工程的不同阶段中为计划编制、估计、定位、和放样获取必需的【essential必需的】数据的行为【conduct这里是动词:处理,翻译时用名词行为代替】)Afterthenecessarytopographicmapsarepreparedandpositionsofthestructuresareestablishedaswellasthefinalplansfortheprojectareavailable,theengineers,architectsorbuildingcontractorsneedtoknowinformationaboutoverallsitegradeandelevationstodetermineplacementofsitestructures,orestimatethevolumeofdirttobemoved,andthentosettherequiredhorizontalandverticalpositionsforthestructures.(在必要的地形图准备好、建筑物位置已确定之后,同样项目的最终方案也是可用的,工程师、建筑师【archit
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